Compose Confidential mails in Gmail

GMail in Confidential mode mails  

Hi All,

Recipients will not have the option to forward email contents, copy/paste, download, nor print.

Recipients will SET EXPIRATION date for the mails.

Recipients will sets REQUIRE PASSCODE for SMS. All passcodes will be generated by Google. It have two options.

1. No SMS passcode
2. SMS passcode

In Compose the Gmail you will get this option at the bottom:

Once you click this Option you get the Confidential Mode pop up window. Here you can set the things.

Rest of the mail concept is same. Still you have EDIT provision also.

In receiver end You will get mail like this

If you need to read a mail Click the View the email button.

Object-Oriented Programming Concepts in PHP – Interface

Interface

Interfaces are defined in the same way as a class, but with the interface keyword replacing the class keyword and without any of the methods having their contents defined.

All methods declared in an interface must be public; this is the nature of an interface.

Interfaces allow you to create code which specifies which all methods a class must implement.

Note that it is possible to declare a constructor in an interface.

Implements

• To implement an interface, the implements operator is used.
• All methods in the interface must be implemented within a class; failure to do so will result in a fatal error.
• Classes may implement more than one interface if desired by separating each interface with a comma.
• Interfaces can be extended like classes using the extends operator.
• The class implementing the interface must use the exact same method signatures as are defined in the interface. Not doing so will result in a fatal error.

Example:

<?php

// Declare the interface 'myImplement'

interface myImplement

{

public function setVariable($name, $val);

public function getVariable($tempdata);

}

// Implement the interface

class temp implements myImplement

{

private $vars = array();

 // Implementing the SetVatiable  Method

public function setVariable($name, $val)

{

       $this->vars[$name] = $name;

       $this->vars[$val] = $val;

}

 // implementing the GetVariable Method

public function getVariable($tempdata)

   {

       foreach($this->vars as $name => $value) {

        $tempdata = str_replace('{' . $name . '}', $value, $tempdata);

    }

//return the result

    return $tempdata;

}

}

// Instance creation ( object)

$objTemp = new temp();

// set the values to setvariable method

$rest=$objTemp -> setVariable('bala','Welcome');

$rest=$objTemp -> setVariable('balaa','Welcome1');

$rest=$objTemp -> setVariable('bala1','Welcome2');

$rest=$objTemp -> setVariable('bala2','Welcome3');

// get the value from getvariable method

$objTemp -> getVariable($rest);

echo "<pre>";

print_r($objTemp);

?>

OUTPUT:

temp Object
(
   [vars:temp:private] => Array
       (
           [bala] => bala
           [Welcome] => Welcome
           [balaa] => balaa
           [Welcome1] => Welcome1
           [bala1] => bala1
           [Welcome2] => Welcome2
           [bala2] => bala2
           [Welcome3] => Welcome3
       )

)

Object-Oriented Programming Concepts in PHP - Class & Object

Object-Oriented Programming Concepts in PHP

• Class
• Objects
• Inheritance
• Interface
• Abstraction
• Polymorphism

Class:

• Class is a programmer-defined data type or Blue print of object.
• Class definitions begin with the keyword class
• A class may contain its own constants, variables (called "properties"), and functions (called "methods").
• Class is a collection of objects. Object has properties and behavior.
• A valid class name starts with a letter or underscore, followed by any number of letters, numbers, or underscores.

Example:
<?PHP // Class declaration class firstclass{ // property declaration public $var = 'Hello World'; // method declaration public function displayVar() { echo $this->var; } } $objfirst = new firstclass; $objfirst->displayVar(); ?> OUTPUT: Hello World Creating Objects

• When class is created, we can create any number of objects to that class.
• It simply known as class properties and methods operate on data are bundled as a unit called as object.

This

• $this is available when a method is called from within an object context. Pointing the current object.

New

• create an instance of a class, the new keyword must be used. An object will always be created unless the object has a constructor defined that throws an exception on error. 

What really happens when you navigate to a URL

Hi All,

I  learn the "What really happens when you navigate to a URL" in net. I really like to share this every one. it is simply and very good process going behind in each request. 

As a software developer, you certainly have a high-level picture of how web apps work and what kinds of technologies are involved: the browser, HTTP, HTML, web server, request handlers, and so on.
In this article, we will take a deeper look at the sequence of events that take place when you visit a URL.

1. You enter a URL into the browser

It all starts here:

2. The browser looks up the IP address for the domain name

 
The first step in the navigation is to figure out the IP address for the visited domain. The DNS lookup proceeds as follows:

• Browser cache – The browser caches DNS records for some time. Interestingly, the OS does not tell the browser the time-to-live for each DNS record, and so the browser caches them for a fixed duration (varies between browsers, 2 – 30 minutes).
• OS cache – If the browser cache does not contain the desired record, the browser makes a system call (gethostbyname in Windows). The OS has its own cache.
• Router cache – The request continues on to your router, which typically has its own DNS cache.
• ISP DNS cache – The next place checked is the cache ISP’s DNS server. With a cache, naturally.
• Recursive search – Your ISP’s DNS server begins a recursive search, from the root nameserver, through the .com top-level nameserver, to Facebook’s nameserver. Normally, the DNS server will have names of the .com nameservers in cache, and so a hit to the root nameserver will not be necessary.

Here is a diagram of what a recursive DNS search looks like:

One worrying thing about DNS is that the entire domain like wikipedia.org or facebook.com seems to map to a single IP address. Fortunately, there are ways of mitigating the bottleneck:

• Round-robin DNS is a solution where the DNS lookup returns multiple IP addresses, rather than just one. For example, facebook.com actually maps to four IP addresses.
• Load-balancer is the piece of hardware that listens on a particular IP address and forwards the requests to other servers. Major sites will typically use expensive high-performance load balancers.
• Geographic DNS improves scalability by mapping a domain name to different IP addresses, depending on the client’s geographic location. This is great for hosting static content so that different servers don’t have to update shared state.
• Anycast is a routing technique where a single IP address maps to multiple physical servers. Unfortunately, anycast does not fit well with TCP and is rarely used in that scenario.

Most of the DNS servers themselves use anycast to achieve high availability and low latency of the DNS lookups.

3. The browser sends a HTTP request to the web server

You can be pretty sure that Facebook’s homepage will not be served from the browser cache because dynamic pages expire either very quickly or immediately (expiry date set to past).
So, the browser will send this request to the Facebook server:

GET http://facebook.com/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/x-ms-application, image/jpeg, application/xaml+xml, [...]
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; [...]
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive
Host: facebook.com
Cookie: datr=1265876274-[...]; locale=en_US; lsd=WW[...]; c_user=2101[...]

The GET request names the URL to fetch: “http://facebook.com/”. The browser identifies itself (User-Agent header), and states what types of responses it will accept (Accept and Accept-Encoding headers). The Connection header asks the server to keep the TCP connection open for further requests.
The request also contains the cookies that the browser has for this domain. As you probably already know, cookies are key-value pairs that track the state of a web site in between different page requests. And so the cookies store the name of the logged-in user, a secret number that was assigned to the user by the server, some of user’s settings, etc. The cookies will be stored in a text file on the client, and sent to the server with every request.

There is a variety of tools that let you view the raw HTTP requests and corresponding responses. My favorite tool for viewing the raw HTTP traffic is fiddler, but there are many other tools (e.g., FireBug) These tools are a great help when optimizing a site.

In addition to GET requests, another type of requests that you may be familiar with is a POST request, typically used to submit forms. A GET request sends its parameters via the URL (e.g.: http://robozzle.com/puzzle.aspx?id=85). A POST request sends its parameters in the request body, just under the headers.

The trailing slash in the URL “http://facebook.com/” is important. In this case, the browser can safely add the slash. For URLs of the form http://example.com/folderOrFile, the browser cannot automatically add a slash, because it is not clear whether folderOrFile is a folder or a file. In such cases, the browser will visit the URL without the slash, and the server will respond with a redirect, resulting in an unnecessary roundtrip.

4. The facebook server responds with a permanent redirect

This is the response that the Facebook server sent back to the browser request:

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Cache-Control: private, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0,
      pre-check=0
Expires: Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT
Location: http://www.facebook.com/
P3P: CP="DSP LAW"
Pragma: no-cache
Set-Cookie: made_write_conn=deleted; expires=Thu, 12-Feb-2009 05:09:50 GMT;
      path=/; domain=.facebook.com; httponly
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
X-Cnection: close
Date: Fri, 12 Feb 2010 05:09:51 GMT
Content-Length: 0

The server responded with a 301 Moved Permanently response to tell the browser to go to “http://www.facebook.com/” instead of “http://facebook.com/”.

There are interesting reasons why the server insists on the redirect instead of immediately responding with the web page that the user wants to see.
One reason has to do with search engine rankings. See, if there are two URLs for the same page, say http://www.igoro.com/ and http://igoro.com/, search engine may consider them to be two different sites, each with fewer incoming links and thus a lower ranking. Search engines understand permanent redirects (301), and will combine the incoming links from both sources into a single ranking.
Also, multiple URLs for the same content are not cache-friendly. When a piece of content has multiple names, it will potentially appear multiple times in caches.

5. The browser follows the redirect

The browser now knows that “http://www.facebook.com/” is the correct URL to go to, and so it sends out another GET request:

GET http://www.facebook.com/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/x-ms-application, image/jpeg, application/xaml+xml, [...]
Accept-Language: en-US
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; [...]
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive
Cookie: lsd=XW[...]; c_user=21[...]; x-referer=[...]
Host: www.facebook.com

The meaning of the headers is the same as for the first request.

6. The server ‘handles’ the request

The server will receive the GET request, process it, and send back a response.
This may seem like a straightforward task, but in fact there is a lot of interesting stuff that happens here – even on a simple site like my blog, let alone on a massively scalable site like facebook.

• Web server softwareThe web server software (e.g., IIS or Apache) receives the HTTP request and decides which request handler should be executed to handle this request. A request handler is a program (in ASP.NET, PHP, Ruby, …) that reads the request and generates the HTML for the response. In the simplest case, the request handlers can be stored in a file hierarchy whose structure mirrors the URL structure, and so for example http://example.com/folder1/page1.aspx URL will map to file /httpdocs/folder1/page1.aspx. The web server software can also be configured so that URLs are manually mapped to request handlers, and so the public URL of page1.aspx could be http://example.com/folder1/page1.
  
• Request handlerThe request handler reads the request, its parameters, and cookies. It will read and possibly update some data stored on the server. Then, the request handler will generate a HTML response.

One interesting difficulty that every dynamic website faces is how to store data. Smaller sites will often have a single SQL database to store their data, but sites that store a large amount of data and/or have many visitors have to find a way to split the database across multiple machines. Solutions include sharding (splitting up a table across multiple databases based on the primary key), replication, and usage of simplified databases with weakened consistency semantics.

One technique to keep data updates cheap is to defer some of the work to a batch job. For example, Facebook has to update the newsfeed in a timely fashion, but the data backing the “People you may know” feature may only need to be updated nightly (my guess, I don’t actually know how they implement this feature). Batch job updates result in staleness of some less important data, but can make data updates much faster and simpler.

7. The server sends back a HTML response

Here is the response that the server generated and sent back:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: private, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0,
    pre-check=0
Expires: Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT
P3P: CP="DSP LAW"
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
X-Cnection: close
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Fri, 12 Feb 2010 09:05:55 GMT

2b3
��������T�n�@����[...]

The entire response is 36 kB, the bulk of them in the byte blob at the end that I trimmed.
The Content-Encoding header tells the browser that the response body is compressed using the gzip algorithm. After decompressing the blob, you’ll see the HTML you’d expect:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"   
      "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" 
      lang="en" id="facebook" class=" no_js">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-language" content="en" />
...

In addition to compression, headers specify whether and how to cache the page, any cookies to set (none in this response), privacy information, etc.

Notice the header that sets Content-Type to text/html. The header instructs the browser to render the response content as HTML, instead of say downloading it as a file. The browser will use the header to decide how to interpret the response, but will consider other factors as well, such as the extension of the URL.

8. The browser begins rendering the HTML

Even before the browser has received the entire HTML document, it begins rendering the website:
 

9. The browser sends requests for objects embedded in HTML

As the browser renders the HTML, it will notice tags that require fetching of other URLs. The browser will send a GET request to retrieve each of these files.
Here are a few URLs that my visit to facebook.com retrieved:

• Imageshttp://static.ak.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/z12E0/hash/8q2anwu7.gif
  http://static.ak.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/zBS5C/hash/7hwy7at6.gif
  …
• CSS style sheetshttp://static.ak.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/z448Z/hash/2plh8s4n.css
  http://static.ak.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/zANE1/hash/cvtutcee.css
  …
• JavaScript files
  http://static.ak.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/zEMOA/hash/c8yzb6ub.js
  http://static.ak.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/z6R9L/hash/cq2lgbs8.js
  …

Each of these URLs will go through process a similar to what the HTML page went through. So, the browser will look up the domain name in DNS, send a request to the URL, follow redirects, etc.
However, static files – unlike dynamic pages – allow the browser to cache them. Some of the files may be served up from cache, without contacting the server at all. The browser knows how long to cache a particular file because the response that returned the file contained an Expires header. Additionally, each response may also contain an ETag header that works like a version number – if the browser sees an ETag for a version of the file it already has, it can stop the transfer immediately.

Can you guess what “fbcdn.net” in the URLs stands for? A safe bet is that it means “Facebook content delivery network”. Facebook uses a content delivery network (CDN) to distribute static content – images, style sheets, and JavaScript files. So, the files will be copied to many machines across the globe.
Static content often represents the bulk of the bandwidth of a site, and can be easily replicated across a CDN. Often, sites will use a third-party CDN provider, instead of operating a CND themselves. For example, Facebook’s static files are hosted by Akamai, the largest CDN provider.
As a demonstration, when you try to ping static.ak.fbcdn.net, you will get a response from an akamai.net server. Also, interestingly, if you ping the URL a couple of times, may get responses from different servers, which demonstrates the load-balancing that happens behind the scenes.

10. The browser sends further asynchronous (AJAX) requests

In the spirit of Web 2.0, the client continues to communicate with the server even after the page is rendered.

For example, Facebook chat will continue to update the list of your logged in friends as they come and go. To update the list of your logged-in friends, the JavaScript executing in your browser has to send an asynchronous request to the server. The asynchronous request is a programmatically constructed GET or POST request that goes to a special URL. In the Facebook example, the client sends a POST request to http://www.facebook.com/ajax/chat/buddy_list.php to fetch the list of your friends who are online.

This pattern is sometimes referred to as “AJAX”, which stands for “Asynchronous JavaScript And XML”, even though there is no particular reason why the server has to format the response as XML. For example, Facebook returns snippets of JavaScript code in response to asynchronous requests..

Conclusion

Hopefully this gives you a better idea of how the different web pieces work together.

Insert boot disk and press any key error solution

Hi All,

 "No bootable device – insert boot disk and press any key"  Solution

 

If your computer won't boot,and you are seeing a no bootable device – insert boot disk and press any key notification, then you can follow the below guide to fix your computer.
Here are some other Windows 7 and Vista errors which this guide can fix:

• no bootable device – insert boot disk and press any key
• NTLDR is missing or corrupted
• Ntoskrnl.exe is missing
• Ntdetect.com is missing
• BOOTMGR is missing or corrupted
• NTFS.SYS is missing
• Hal.dll is missing

How to fix a computer that won't boot - Instructions

------------------------------------------------------
Windows 7 only:
If you don't have a install DVD for Windows 7, you can download a legal copy from the below links:
Official Windows 7 SP1 ISO from Digital River with 30 days free trial

http://msft.digitalrivercontent.net/win/X17-24208.iso > Windows 7 Home Premium SP1 x86 English
http://msft.digitalrivercontent.net/win/X17-24209.iso > Windows 7 Home Premium SP1 x64 English

http://msft.digitalrivercontent.net/win/X17-24280.iso > Windows 7 Professional SP1 x86 English
http://msft.digitalrivercontent.net/win/X17-24281.iso > Windows 7 Professional SP1 x64 English

http://msft.digitalrivercontent.net/win/X17-24394.iso > Windows 7 Ultimate SP1 x86 English
http://msft.digitalrivercontent.net/win/X17-24395.iso > Windows 7 Ultimate SP1 x64 English
Make sure you get the same version you have installed: 32 or 64 bit; Home Premium, Pro or Ultimate.
------------------------------------------------------

1. Insert the Windows 7 System Repair DVD or Installation DVD and reboot.
2. Select the correct keyboard input method and click Next.
      
3. Choose the Repair your computer option located in the lower left of the dispay.
      
4. When the ‘System Recovery Options’ screen appears verify that the “Use recovery tools that can help fix problems starting Windows” is selected.
      
5. Now from the menu list select the Command Prompt option.
          
6. On the command prompt,please type the following commands.
   bootrec.exe /fixmbr
      
7. Restart the computer.

---

If the above did not work, follow the instructions below and start a thread in the Troubleshooting Software/Hardware Issues forum.

Download Farbar Recovery Scan Tool from the below link:

• For 32 bit systems download Farbar Recovery Scan Tool and save it to a flash drive.
  For 64 bit systems download Farbar Recovery Scan Tool x64 and save it to a flash drive.

Also download List Parts 32-bit or Listparts 64-bit and save it to the flash drive also.


• Plug the flashdrive into the unbootable PC.


• Enter System Recovery Options.

To enter System Recovery Options from the Advanced Boot Options:

• Restart the computer.
• As soon as the BIOS is loaded begin tapping the F8 key until Advanced Boot Options appears.
• Use the arrow keys to select the Repair your computer menu item.
• Select US as the keyboard language settings, and then click Next.
• Select the operating system you want to repair, and then click Next.
• Select your user account an click Next.
To enter System Recovery Options by using Windows installation disc:

• Insert the installation disc.
• Restart your computer.
• If prompted, press any key to start Windows from the installation disc. If your computer is not configured to start from a CD or DVD, check your BIOS settings.
• Click Repair your computer.
• Select US as the keyboard language settings, and then click Next.
• Select the operating system you want to repair, and then click Next.
• Select your user account and click Next.
• On the System Recovery Options menu you will get the following options:
  

  Startup Repair
  
  System Restore
  
  Windows Complete PC Restore
  
  Windows Memory Diagnostic Tool
  
  Command Prompt

  1. Select Command Prompt
  2. In the command window type in notepad and press Enter.
  3. The notepad opens. Under File menu select Open.
  4. Select "Computer" and find your flash drive letter and close the notepad.
  5. In the command window type e:\frst.exe (for x64 bit version type e:\frst64) and press Enter
     Note: Replace letter e with the drive letter of your flash drive.
  6. The tool will start to run.
  7. When the tool opens click Yes to disclaimer.
  8. Press Scan button.
  9. FRST will let you know when the scan is complete and has written the FRST.txt to file, close the message.
     
  10. Back in the command prompt, type e:\listparts.exe (for x64 bit version type e:\listparts64.exe) and press Enter
      
  11. ListParts will start to run. Check the box beside List BCD and click Scan
      
  12. When finished scanning it will make a log Result.txt on the flash drive
      
  13. Type exit
  14. Please copy and paste both FRST.txt and Result.txt logs in your next reply

Remove write protection on pen drive

Hi All,

I got the code from net :)

Here is how you can remove or uninstall write protection on pen drive. This is a common problem faced by most users. 
Often an error occurs while copying, deleting or modifying data or files for the USB. This happens because it is 'Write-Protected'. Here is a solution to the problem of the USB being write-protected. Follow the steps mentioned in this article to enable the modification, copying or deleting of files from the USB thereafter. 

Issue

This a very common problem when using USB flash drives. Sometimes when you try to copy or delete files you get an error message "Remove the write-protection or use another disk". Furthermore, it won't allow you to format it! 

Solution

To remove write protection:

• Open Start Menu >> Run, type regedit and press Enter. This will open the registry editor.
• Navigate to the following path:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\StorageDevicePolicies

• Double click the key WriteProtect in the right pane and set the value to 0
• In the Data Value Box, press OK
• Exit Registry, restart your computer and then re-connect your USB pen drive to your computer.

That is it, done. Good luck!

How to Enable USB Port in Windows(if it is blocked).

Hi All,

How to Enable USB Port in Windows(if it is blocked).
Follow the steps to open a USB port in Windows machine.

1. Click Start Button, and then click Run. 

2. In the Open box, type regedit, and then click OK. 

3. and then click the following registry key: for finding the location of  USB port.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE -> SYSTEM->CurrentControlSet->Services->UsbStor 

4. In the right pane, double-click "Start" option. 

5. In the Value data box, type "4" (without quotes), click Hexadecimal (if it is not already selected),  and then click OK. Note :- if 4 is entered it will open the port. 

6. Quit Registry Editor.